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            <gco:CharacterString>2019-05-24T00:00:00Z to 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z Ambient aerosol particles with Dp&lt;1 ?m (PM1) were sampled by a High-Volume Sampler (TECORA eco-highvol equipped with digital PM1 sampling inlet, nominal flow 500 lpm) on pre-washed and pre-baked quartz-fiber filters (PALL, Ø= 18cm). Sampling time: 3-4 days per sample for collecting sufficient aerosol loading for the detailed chemical analyses on the filters.  2020-09-30T00:00:00Z After sampling the filters were stored in a freezer and then shipped in thermal insulated boxes to the CNR-ISAC laboratory in Bologna, Italy, where they were kept frozen at about -20º C until extraction and chemical analyses. About half of each filter was used for the off-line characterization by TOC-analyzer, Ion-chromatography and H-NMR (as described in the paper) performed in Bologna.  2021-04-01T00:00:00Z A portion of the remaining filter (about half of them, as well) was cut in clean room and shipped to PSI laboratories in Zurich, Switzerland for AMS measurements and carbonaceous content quantifications (both WSOC by TOC analyzer and EC/OC on filters by Sunset, as detailed below). 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z A multi-technique analytical approach was adopted for the characterization of the sampled PM1. The aerosol filter samples were extracted with deionized ultrapure water (Milli-Q) in a mechanical shaker for 1 h and the water extracts were filtered on PTFE membranes (pore size: 0.45 ?m) in order to remove suspended materials. Extracts were analyzed by means of a TOC thermal combustion analyzer (Shimadzu TOC-5000A) for the quantification of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) content. Extracts were analyzed also by ion chromatography for the quantification of the main water-soluble inorganic ions (sodium, Na+; chloride, Cl-; nitrate, NO3-; sulfate, SO42-; ammonium, NH4+; potassium, K+; magnesium, Mg2+; calcium, Ca2+), methanesulphonate, MSA, and low molecular weight alkyl-amines (methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethylamine, MA, DMA, and TMA, respectively) (Facchini et al., 2008a). An IonPac CS16 3 × 250 mm Dionex separation column with gradient MSA elution and an IonPac AS11 2 × 250 mm Dionex separation column with gradient KOH elution were deployed for cations and anions, respectively.  2022-04-01T00:00:00Z Seasalt and non-seasalt fractions of the main inorganic ions measured by IC (ss-x and nss-x, respectively) were quantified based on the global average sea-salt composition found in Seinfeld and Pandis (2016) using Na+ as the sea-salt tracer. 2022-05-01T equivalent Black Carbon (eBC) mass concentrations are retrieved by PSAP absorption measurements (Mazzola and Gilardoni, 2022, https://doi.org/10.71761/ee3fb49e-c3e2-4572-95b8-1e7ff6361ac5) 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z The Thermo-Optical Transmittance (TOT) method was employed to determine organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) using a Lab OC-EC Aerosol Analyzer (Model 5L, Sunset Laboratory Inc., USA) following the EUSAAR2 protocol. 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z Organic matter (OM) was calculated multipling the organic carbon (OC) by the OM:OC elemental ratio measured by HR-TOF-AMS. 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z Water Soluble Organic Matter (WSOM) was calculated multipling the water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) measured by a TOC thermal combustion analyzer (Shimadzu TOC-5000A) by the OM:OC elemental ratio measured by HR-TOF-AMS. 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z Water Insoluble Organic Matter (WIOM was calculated as = (OC ? WSOC) * 1.4 (Rinaldi et al., 2013)
2026-05-29T14:42:30Z (local files)
2026-05-29T14:42:30Z https://data.iadc.cnr.it/erddap/tabledap/pm1_main_composition_vnja7m.das</gco:CharacterString>
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